An assessment framework to support collective decision making on urban freight transport
Abstract
This paper proposes a framework that supports the collection and classification of information about the features of a city relevant to Urban Freight Transport (UFT). The information is organized in a framework of 28 different layers that are then stored in a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool to enable efficient data retrieval and effective information graphical display. The resulting GIS tool thus represents a decision support system for UFT problems, providing decision makers and stakeholders with a wide range of easy to understand information aimed to support the identification and preliminary evaluation of UFT solutions. Moreover, by providing a standardized set of features and sources of information, the framework enables the comparison of different cities. To illustrate the benefits, prototypical real-scale tests based on the framework have been realized in two mid-sized European cities: Bergamo (North of Italy) and Luxembourg. For both cities, data were mainly collected from publicly available sources and organized according to the framework. The data and information collected have been used in collaboration with the stakeholders in order to identify the priorities of intervention and evaluate alternative UFT solutions. The real-scale applications confirmed the usability and effectiveness of the framework in engaging stakeholders and support the process of envisioning shared UFT solutions.
Keyword : urban freight transport, city logistics, stakeholder engagement, last-mile distribution, GIS, collaboration platform
How to Cite
Golini, R., Guerlain, C., Lagorio, A., & Pinto, R. (2018). An assessment framework to support collective decision making on urban freight transport. Transport, 33(4), 890-901. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6591
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Alho, A. R.; Silva, J. A. 2015. Utilizing urban form characteristics in urban logistics analysis: a case study in Lisbon, Portugal, Journal of Transport Geography 42: 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.11.002
Allen, J.; Browne, M.; Cherrett, T. 2012. Investigating relationships between road freight transport, facility location, logistics management and urban form, Journal of Transport Geography 24: 45–57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.06.010
Álvarez, E.; De La Calle, A. 2011. Sustainable practices in urban freight distribution in Bilbao, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 4(3): 538–553. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2011.v4n3.p538-553
Ambrosini, C.; Routhier, J.-L. 2004. Objectives, methods and results of surveys carried out in the field of urban freight transport: an international comparison, Transport Reviews 24(1): 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164032000122343
Anderson, S.; Allen, J.; Browne, M. 2005. Urban logistics – how can it meet policy makers’ sustainability objectives?, Journal of Transport Geography 13(1): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.002
Benjelloun, A.; Crainic, T. G.; Bigras, Y. 2010. Towards a taxonomy of city logistics projects, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(3): 6217–6228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.032
Bjerkan, K. Y.; Sund, A. B.; Nordtømme, M. E. 2014. Stakeholder responses to measures green and efficient urban freight, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.05.001
Cherrett, T.; Allen, J.; McLeod, F.; Maynard, S.; Hickford, A.; Browne, M. 2012. Understanding urban freight activity – key issues for freight planning, Journal of Transport Geography 24: 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.05.008
Dablanc, L. 2007. Goods transport in large European cities: difficult to organize, difficult to modernize, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 41(3): 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.005
Dablanc, L.; Diziain, D.; Levifve, H. 2011. Urban freight consultations in the Paris region, European Transport Research Review 3(1): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-011-0049-2
Deflorio, F. P.; Gonzalez-Feliu, J.; Perboli, G.; Tadei, R. 2012. The influence of time windows on the costs of urban freight distribution services in city logistics applications, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 12(3): 256–274.
Ducret, R. 2014. Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe – the French case, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.06.009
EC. 2007. Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 Establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE). 14 p. Available from Internet: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002
EC. 2011. White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System. COM(2011) 144 final. 28.3.2011, Brussels. Available from Internet: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0144
ERTRAC. 2014. Urban Freight Research Roadmap. European Road Transport Research Advisory Council (ERTRAC). 60 p. Available from Internet: https://www.ertrac.org/uploads/documentsearch/id36/ERTRAC_Alice_Urban_Freight.pdf
Flamini, M.; Nigro, M.; Pacciarelli, D. 2011. Assessing the value of information for retail distribution of perishable goods, European Transport Research Review 3(2): 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-011-0051-8
Gatta, V.; Marcucci, E. 2015. An interactive multi-actor multi-criteria analysis: a case study for alternative off-peak delivery solutions in freight distribution in Rome, in Proceedings of the URBE 2015: Urban Freight and Behavior Change, 1–2 October 2015, Rome, Italy.
Gatta, V.; Marcucci, E. 2014. Urban freight transport and policy changes: Improving decision makers' awareness via an agent-specific approach, Transport Policy 36: 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.09.007
Gruber, J.; Kihm, A.; Lenz, B. 2014. A new vehicle for urban freight? An ex-ante evaluation of electric cargo bikes in courier services, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.03.004
Guerlain, C.; Cortina, S.; Renault, S. 2016. Towards a collaborative geographical information system to support collective decision making for urban logistics initiative, Transportation Research Procedia 12: 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.02.017
Hesse, M. 2004. Logistics and freight transport policy in urban areas: a case study of Berlin‐Brandenburg/Germany, European Planning Studies 12(7): 1035–1053. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965431042000267894
Holguín-Veras, J. 2008. Necessary conditions for off-hour deliveries and the effectiveness of urban freight road pricing and alternative financial policies in competitive markets, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 42(2): 392–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.10.008
Joubert, J. W.; Fourie, P. J.; Axhausen, K. W. 2010. Large-scale agent-based combined traffic simulation of private cars and commercial vehicles, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2168: 24–32. https://doi.org/10.3141/2168-04
Kittelson, W.; Lawton, T. 1987. Evaluation of shopping center trip types, ITE Journal (2): 35–39.
Lagorio, A.; Pinto, R.; Golini, R. 2016. Research in urban logistics: a systematic literature review, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 46(10): 908–931. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2016-0008
Lian, J. I. 2008. The Oslo and Bergen toll rings and road-building investment – effect on traffic development and congestion, Journal of Transport Geography 16(3): 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.08.004
Lindawati, L.; Van Schagen, J.; Goh, M.; De Souza, R. 2014. Collaboration in urban logistics: motivations and barriers, International Journal of Urban Sciences 18(2): 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2014.917983
Lindholm, M. 2014. Successes and failings of an urban freight quality partnership – the story of the Gothenburg local freight network, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 125: 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1461
Lindholm, M.; Behrends, S. 2012. Challenges in urban freight transport planning – a review in the Baltic Sea region, Journal of Transport Geography 22: 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.01.001
Lüer-Villagra, A.; Marianov, V. 2013. A competitive hub location and pricing problem, European Journal of Operational Research 231(3): 734–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.06.006
Macharis, C.; Milan, L.; Verlinde, S. 2014. A stakeholder-based multicriteria evaluation framework for city distribution, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.06.004
McLeod, F.; Cherrett, T. 2011. Loading bay booking and control for urban freight, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications: a Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management 14(6): 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2011.641525
Mohajeri, N.; Gudmundsson, A.; French, J. R. 2015. CO2 emissions in relation to street-network configuration and city size, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 35: 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.11.025
Morganti, E.; Dablanc, L.; Fortin, F. 2014. Final deliveries for online shopping: the deployment of pickup point networks in urban and suburban areas, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.03.002
Muñuzuri, J.; Cortés, P.; Guadix, J.; Onieva, L. 2012. City logistics in Spain: why it might never work, Cities 29(2): 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.03.004
Muñuzuri, J.; Larrañeta, J.; Onieva, L.; Cortés, P. 2005. Solutions applicable by local administrations for urban logistics improvement, Cities 22(1): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.10.003
Nuzzolo, A.; Crisalli, U.; Comi, A. 2015. An aggregate transport demand model for import and export flow simulation, Transport 30(1): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2013.820215
Olsson, J.; Woxenius, J. 2014. Localisation of freight consolidation centres serving small road hauliers in a wider urban area: barriers for more efficient freight deliveries in Gothenburg, Journal of Transport Geography 34: 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.10.016
Pino, E. M.; San Nicolás, D.; Espinós, I. 2014. DOROTHY project: urban logistics organization in Valencian community, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 160: 420–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.154
Pulawska, S.; Starowicz, W. 2014. Ecological urban logistics in the historical centers of cities, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 151: 282–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.026
Quak, H. J.; De Koster, M. B. M. 2009. Delivering goods in urban areas: how to deal with urban policy restrictions and the environment, Transportation Science 43(2): 211–227. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1080.0235
Quak, H. J.; De Koster, M. B. M. 2007. Exploring retailers’ sensitivity to local sustainability policies, Journal of Operations Management 25(6): 1103–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2007.01.020
Regué, R.; Bristow, A. L. 2013. Appraising freight tram schemes: a case study of Barcelona, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 13(1): 56–78.
Russo, F.; Comi, A., 2011. A model system for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures, Research in Transportation Economics 31(1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2010.11.011
Schneider, M.; Stenger, A.; Goeke, D. 2014. The electric vehicle-routing problem with time windows and recharging stations, Transportation Science 48(4): 500–520. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2013.0490
Stenger, A.; Vigo, D.; Enz, S.; Schwind, M. 2013. An adaptive variable neighborhood search algorithm for a vehicle routing problem arising in small package shipping, Transportation Science 47(1): 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1110.0396
Van Rooijen, T.; Quak, H. 2014. City logistics in the European CIVITAS initiative, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 125: 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1476
Walker, G.; Manson, A. 2014. Telematics, urban freight logistics and low carbon road networks, Journal of Transport Geography 37: 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.04.006
Wang, X.; Zhan, L.; Ruan, J.; Zhang, J. 2014. How to choose “last mile” delivery modes for e-fulfillment, Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/417129
Witkowski, J.; Kiba-Janiak, M. 2014. The role of local governments in the development of city logistics, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 125: 373–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1481
Yang, Z. Z.; Moodie, D. R. 2011. Locating urban logistics terminals and shopping centres in a Chinese city, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications: a Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management 14(3): 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2011.609159
Allen, J.; Browne, M.; Cherrett, T. 2012. Investigating relationships between road freight transport, facility location, logistics management and urban form, Journal of Transport Geography 24: 45–57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.06.010
Álvarez, E.; De La Calle, A. 2011. Sustainable practices in urban freight distribution in Bilbao, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 4(3): 538–553. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2011.v4n3.p538-553
Ambrosini, C.; Routhier, J.-L. 2004. Objectives, methods and results of surveys carried out in the field of urban freight transport: an international comparison, Transport Reviews 24(1): 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164032000122343
Anderson, S.; Allen, J.; Browne, M. 2005. Urban logistics – how can it meet policy makers’ sustainability objectives?, Journal of Transport Geography 13(1): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.002
Benjelloun, A.; Crainic, T. G.; Bigras, Y. 2010. Towards a taxonomy of city logistics projects, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 2(3): 6217–6228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.032
Bjerkan, K. Y.; Sund, A. B.; Nordtømme, M. E. 2014. Stakeholder responses to measures green and efficient urban freight, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.05.001
Cherrett, T.; Allen, J.; McLeod, F.; Maynard, S.; Hickford, A.; Browne, M. 2012. Understanding urban freight activity – key issues for freight planning, Journal of Transport Geography 24: 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.05.008
Dablanc, L. 2007. Goods transport in large European cities: difficult to organize, difficult to modernize, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 41(3): 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.005
Dablanc, L.; Diziain, D.; Levifve, H. 2011. Urban freight consultations in the Paris region, European Transport Research Review 3(1): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-011-0049-2
Deflorio, F. P.; Gonzalez-Feliu, J.; Perboli, G.; Tadei, R. 2012. The influence of time windows on the costs of urban freight distribution services in city logistics applications, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 12(3): 256–274.
Ducret, R. 2014. Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe – the French case, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.06.009
EC. 2007. Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 Establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE). 14 p. Available from Internet: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002
EC. 2011. White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System. COM(2011) 144 final. 28.3.2011, Brussels. Available from Internet: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0144
ERTRAC. 2014. Urban Freight Research Roadmap. European Road Transport Research Advisory Council (ERTRAC). 60 p. Available from Internet: https://www.ertrac.org/uploads/documentsearch/id36/ERTRAC_Alice_Urban_Freight.pdf
Flamini, M.; Nigro, M.; Pacciarelli, D. 2011. Assessing the value of information for retail distribution of perishable goods, European Transport Research Review 3(2): 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-011-0051-8
Gatta, V.; Marcucci, E. 2015. An interactive multi-actor multi-criteria analysis: a case study for alternative off-peak delivery solutions in freight distribution in Rome, in Proceedings of the URBE 2015: Urban Freight and Behavior Change, 1–2 October 2015, Rome, Italy.
Gatta, V.; Marcucci, E. 2014. Urban freight transport and policy changes: Improving decision makers' awareness via an agent-specific approach, Transport Policy 36: 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.09.007
Gruber, J.; Kihm, A.; Lenz, B. 2014. A new vehicle for urban freight? An ex-ante evaluation of electric cargo bikes in courier services, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.03.004
Guerlain, C.; Cortina, S.; Renault, S. 2016. Towards a collaborative geographical information system to support collective decision making for urban logistics initiative, Transportation Research Procedia 12: 634–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.02.017
Hesse, M. 2004. Logistics and freight transport policy in urban areas: a case study of Berlin‐Brandenburg/Germany, European Planning Studies 12(7): 1035–1053. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965431042000267894
Holguín-Veras, J. 2008. Necessary conditions for off-hour deliveries and the effectiveness of urban freight road pricing and alternative financial policies in competitive markets, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 42(2): 392–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.10.008
Joubert, J. W.; Fourie, P. J.; Axhausen, K. W. 2010. Large-scale agent-based combined traffic simulation of private cars and commercial vehicles, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2168: 24–32. https://doi.org/10.3141/2168-04
Kittelson, W.; Lawton, T. 1987. Evaluation of shopping center trip types, ITE Journal (2): 35–39.
Lagorio, A.; Pinto, R.; Golini, R. 2016. Research in urban logistics: a systematic literature review, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 46(10): 908–931. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2016-0008
Lian, J. I. 2008. The Oslo and Bergen toll rings and road-building investment – effect on traffic development and congestion, Journal of Transport Geography 16(3): 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.08.004
Lindawati, L.; Van Schagen, J.; Goh, M.; De Souza, R. 2014. Collaboration in urban logistics: motivations and barriers, International Journal of Urban Sciences 18(2): 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2014.917983
Lindholm, M. 2014. Successes and failings of an urban freight quality partnership – the story of the Gothenburg local freight network, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 125: 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1461
Lindholm, M.; Behrends, S. 2012. Challenges in urban freight transport planning – a review in the Baltic Sea region, Journal of Transport Geography 22: 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.01.001
Lüer-Villagra, A.; Marianov, V. 2013. A competitive hub location and pricing problem, European Journal of Operational Research 231(3): 734–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.06.006
Macharis, C.; Milan, L.; Verlinde, S. 2014. A stakeholder-based multicriteria evaluation framework for city distribution, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.06.004
McLeod, F.; Cherrett, T. 2011. Loading bay booking and control for urban freight, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications: a Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management 14(6): 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2011.641525
Mohajeri, N.; Gudmundsson, A.; French, J. R. 2015. CO2 emissions in relation to street-network configuration and city size, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 35: 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.11.025
Morganti, E.; Dablanc, L.; Fortin, F. 2014. Final deliveries for online shopping: the deployment of pickup point networks in urban and suburban areas, Research in Transportation Business & Management 11: 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.03.002
Muñuzuri, J.; Cortés, P.; Guadix, J.; Onieva, L. 2012. City logistics in Spain: why it might never work, Cities 29(2): 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.03.004
Muñuzuri, J.; Larrañeta, J.; Onieva, L.; Cortés, P. 2005. Solutions applicable by local administrations for urban logistics improvement, Cities 22(1): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.10.003
Nuzzolo, A.; Crisalli, U.; Comi, A. 2015. An aggregate transport demand model for import and export flow simulation, Transport 30(1): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2013.820215
Olsson, J.; Woxenius, J. 2014. Localisation of freight consolidation centres serving small road hauliers in a wider urban area: barriers for more efficient freight deliveries in Gothenburg, Journal of Transport Geography 34: 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.10.016
Pino, E. M.; San Nicolás, D.; Espinós, I. 2014. DOROTHY project: urban logistics organization in Valencian community, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 160: 420–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.154
Pulawska, S.; Starowicz, W. 2014. Ecological urban logistics in the historical centers of cities, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 151: 282–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.026
Quak, H. J.; De Koster, M. B. M. 2009. Delivering goods in urban areas: how to deal with urban policy restrictions and the environment, Transportation Science 43(2): 211–227. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1080.0235
Quak, H. J.; De Koster, M. B. M. 2007. Exploring retailers’ sensitivity to local sustainability policies, Journal of Operations Management 25(6): 1103–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2007.01.020
Regué, R.; Bristow, A. L. 2013. Appraising freight tram schemes: a case study of Barcelona, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 13(1): 56–78.
Russo, F.; Comi, A., 2011. A model system for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures, Research in Transportation Economics 31(1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2010.11.011
Schneider, M.; Stenger, A.; Goeke, D. 2014. The electric vehicle-routing problem with time windows and recharging stations, Transportation Science 48(4): 500–520. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2013.0490
Stenger, A.; Vigo, D.; Enz, S.; Schwind, M. 2013. An adaptive variable neighborhood search algorithm for a vehicle routing problem arising in small package shipping, Transportation Science 47(1): 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1110.0396
Van Rooijen, T.; Quak, H. 2014. City logistics in the European CIVITAS initiative, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 125: 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1476
Walker, G.; Manson, A. 2014. Telematics, urban freight logistics and low carbon road networks, Journal of Transport Geography 37: 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.04.006
Wang, X.; Zhan, L.; Ruan, J.; Zhang, J. 2014. How to choose “last mile” delivery modes for e-fulfillment, Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/417129
Witkowski, J.; Kiba-Janiak, M. 2014. The role of local governments in the development of city logistics, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 125: 373–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1481
Yang, Z. Z.; Moodie, D. R. 2011. Locating urban logistics terminals and shopping centres in a Chinese city, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications: a Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management 14(3): 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2011.609159