Construction of nitrification model with nitrifying coal ash in aerobic treatment of high strength wastewater
Abstract
Nitrifying carriers can provide good settle ability and stable removal efficiency for nitrogen. Models for ammonia removal rate for nitrifying carriers will improve its engineering application. This study was conducted in nitrifying coal ash system with Monod model. Results indicated the maximum NH4+-N removal rate and half-saturation constant of NH4+-N in Monod model were 110.48 mg/L and 59.19 mg/L, respectively. Introduction of the correction coefficients, including pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, decreased the average gap between experiment data and simulated data from 6.48 to 2.74 mg N/(L·h). And improved accuracy of the Monod model by 5.11%. The differences between experiment and simulated NH4+-N removal rate ranged from 0.08 mg N/(L·h) to 8.34 mg N/(L·h) when the influent concentration of NH4+-N increased from 443.18 to 1121.29 mg N/L and without organic. Only 0.08% inconsistency between experiment and simulated data occurred in treating wastewater with high-strength ammonia. However, NH4+-N removal rate of the nitrifying coal ash was inhibited about 40% when influent with averaged 173.19 mg COD/L and 37.20 mg N/L, therefore, other factors, the content of nitrifying bacteria for example, need to be introduced into the Monod model when treating organic wastewater.
Keyword : nitrifying coal ash, Monod model, correction coefficients, NH4 -N removal rate, high-strength ammonia
How to Cite
Liu, F., Zhao, X., Pan, Y., & Hu, X. (2022). Construction of nitrification model with nitrifying coal ash in aerobic treatment of high strength wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 30(4), 508–514. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.18061
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Han, G. B., & Park, J. K. (2012). Using porous ceramic media in the upflow packed-bed reactor (UPBR) system for nitrogen removal via autotrophic nitrification and denitrification. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 47(5), 786–793. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2012.660112
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Li, D., Liang, X., Li, Z., Jin, Y., Zhou, R., & Wu, C. (2020). Effect of chemical oxygen demand load on the nitrification and microbial communities in activated sludge from an aerobic nitrifying reactor. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 66(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0599
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Park, S., Bae, W., & Rittmann, B. E. (2010). Muti-Species nitrifying biofilm model (MSNBM) including free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition and oxygen limitation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 105(6), 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22631
Parker, D. S., Rusten, B., Wien, A., & Siljudalen, J. G. (2002). A new process for enriching nitrifiers in activated sludge through separate heterotrophic wasting from biofilm carriers. Water Environment Research, 74(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143002X139758
Posmanik, R., Gross, A., & Nejidat, A. (2014). Effect of high ammonia loads emitted from poultry-manure digestion on nitrification activity and nitrifier-community structure in a compost biofilter. Ecological Engineering, 62, 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.033
Qiao, X., Zhang, Z., Chen, Q., & Chen, Y. (2008). Nitrification characteristics of PEG immobilized activated sludge at high ammonia and COD loading rates. Desalination, 222(1–3), 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.150
Rejish Kumar, V. J., Sukumaran, V., Achuthan, C., Joseph, V., Philip, R., & Bright Singh, I. S. (2013). Molecular characterization of the nitrifying bacterial consortia employed for the activation of bioreactors used in brackish and marine aquaculture systems. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 78, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.01.002
Saeed, T., & Sun, G. (2011). The removal of nitrogen and organics in vertical flow wetland reactors: Predictive models. Bioresource Technology, 102(2), 1205–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.096
Sharma, R., & Gupta, S. K. (2004). Influence of chemical oxygen demand/total kjeldahl nitrogen ration and sludge age on nitrification of nitrogenous wastewater. Water Environment Research, 76(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143004X141681
Shi, X. Y., Sheng, G. P., Li, X. Y., & Yu, H. Q. (2010). Operation of a sequencing batch reactor for cultivating autotrophic nitrifying granules. Bioresource Technology, 101(9), 2960–2964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.099
Shin, D. C., Yoon, S. C., & Park, C. H. (2019). Biological characteristics of microorganisms immobilization media for nitrogen removal. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 32, 100979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100979
Valentukevičienė, M., Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė, L., Chadyšas, V., & Litvinaitis, A. (2018). Evaluating the impacts of integrated pollution on water quality of the trans-boundary Neris (Viliya) River. Sustainability, 10(11), 4239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114239
Wang, L., Liu, X., Lee, D. J., Tay, J. H., Zhang ,Y., Wan, C. L., & Chen, X. F. (2018). Recent advances on biosorption by aerobic granular sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 357, 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.010
Wang, W., Ding, Y., Wang, Y., Song, X., Ambrose, R. F., & Ullman, J. L. (2016). Intensified nitrogen removal in immobilized nitrifier enhanced constructed wetlands with external carbon addition. Bioresource Technology, 218, 1261–1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.135
Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Li, Z., Wu, W., & Zhang, Z. (2013). Sustainable nitrification in fluidised bed reactor with immobilised sludge pellets. Water SA, 39(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v39i2.13
Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., & Li, Y. (2017). Effect of nitrifiers enrichment and diffusion on their oxygen half-saturation value measurements. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 123, 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.016
Young, B., Delatolla, R., Kennedy, K., Laflamme, E., & Stintzi, A. (2017). Low temperature MBBR nitrification: Microbiome analysis. Water Research, 111, 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.050
Yu, L., Chen, S., Chen, W., & Wu, J. (2020). Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of the competition among the fast-growing “r-strategists” and the slow-growing “K-strategists” ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in nitrification. Science of the Total Environment, 702, 135049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135049
Yuan, X., & Gao, D. (2010). Effect of dissolved oxygen on nitrogen removal and process control in aerobic granular sludge reactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178(1–3), 1041–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.045
Zhu, S., & Chen, S. (2003). Effects of air diffusion turbulent flow on nitrificaiton rate in fixed-film biofilters: A comparison study. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 65(3), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1577/C02-015
Chaali, M., Rivera Ortiz, H. A., Cano, B. D., Brar, S. K., Ramirez, A. A., Arriaga, S., & Heitz, M. (2021). Immobilization of nitrifying bacteria on composite based on polymers and eggshells for nitrate production. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 131(6), 663–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.010
Cho, K. H., Kim, J.-O., Kang, S., Park, H., Kim, S., & Kim, Y. M. (2014). Achieving enhanced nitrification in communities of nitrifying bacteria in full-scale wastewater treatment plants via optimal temperature and pH. Separation and Purification Technology, 132, 697–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.027
Dong, K., Feng, X., Wang, W., Chen, Y., Hu, W., Li, H., & Wang, D. (2021). Simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification maintained in membrane bioreactor for nitrogen removal and hydrogen autotrophic denitrification for further treatment. Membranes (Basel), 11(12), 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120911
Dong, Y., Zhang, Z., Jin, Y., Li, Z., & Lu, J. (2011). Nitrification performance of nitrifying bacteria immobilized in waterborne Polyurethane at low ammonia nitrogen concentrations. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(3), 366–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60418-4
Fernandez-Fontaina, E., Carballa, M., Omil, F., & Lema, J. M. (2014). Modelling cometabolic biotransformation of organic micropollutants in nitrifying reactors. Water Research, 65, 371–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.048
Han, G. B., & Park, J. K. (2012). Using porous ceramic media in the upflow packed-bed reactor (UPBR) system for nitrogen removal via autotrophic nitrification and denitrification. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 47(5), 786–793. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2012.660112
Huang, S., Kong, W., Yang, Z., Yu, H., & Li, F. (2019). Combination of Logistic and modified Monod functions to study Microcystis aeruginosa growth stimulated by fish feed. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 167, 146–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.119
Li, A., Li, X., & Yu, H. (2013). Aerobic sludge granulation facilitated by activated carbon for partial nitrification treatment of ammonia-rich wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 218, 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.044
Li, D., Liang, X., Li, Z., Jin, Y., Zhou, R., & Wu, C. (2020). Effect of chemical oxygen demand load on the nitrification and microbial communities in activated sludge from an aerobic nitrifying reactor. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 66(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0599
Linkès, M., Afonso, M. M., Fede, P., Morchain, J., & Schmitz, P. (2012). Numerical study of substrate assimilation by a microorganism exposed to fluctuating concentration. Chemical Engineering Science, 81, 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2012.07.003
Liu, F., Hu, X., Zhao, X., & Gao, Y. (2021). Effect of carrier particle size on enrichment and shift in nitrifier community behaviors for treating increased strength wastewater. Water Environment Research, 93(10), 1959–1968. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1567
Liu, F., Hu, X., Zhao, X., Guo, H., & Zhao, Y. (2017a). An efficient way for nitrifying bacteria enrichment with coal ash: Nitrification and microbial community. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 228(9), 360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3553-8
Liu, F., Hu, X., Zhao, X., Guo, H., Zhao, Y., & Jiang, B. (2018). Rapid nitrification process upgrade coupled with succession of the microbial community in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Bioresource Technology, 249, 1062–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.076
Liu, S., Coyne, M. S., & Grove, J. H. (2017b). Long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization: Consequences for nitrifier density and activity. Applied Soil Ecology, 120, 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.07.034
Meng, F., Liao, B., Liang, S., Yang, F., Zhang, H., & Song, L. (2010). Morphological visualization, componential characterization and microbiological identification of membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Journal of Membrane Science, 361(1–2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.006
Monod, J. (1942). Recherches sur la crosissance des cultures bacteriennes [Studies on the growth of bacterial cultures]. Hermann & Cie.
Park, S., Bae, W., & Rittmann, B. E. (2010). Muti-Species nitrifying biofilm model (MSNBM) including free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition and oxygen limitation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 105(6), 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22631
Parker, D. S., Rusten, B., Wien, A., & Siljudalen, J. G. (2002). A new process for enriching nitrifiers in activated sludge through separate heterotrophic wasting from biofilm carriers. Water Environment Research, 74(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143002X139758
Posmanik, R., Gross, A., & Nejidat, A. (2014). Effect of high ammonia loads emitted from poultry-manure digestion on nitrification activity and nitrifier-community structure in a compost biofilter. Ecological Engineering, 62, 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.033
Qiao, X., Zhang, Z., Chen, Q., & Chen, Y. (2008). Nitrification characteristics of PEG immobilized activated sludge at high ammonia and COD loading rates. Desalination, 222(1–3), 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.150
Rejish Kumar, V. J., Sukumaran, V., Achuthan, C., Joseph, V., Philip, R., & Bright Singh, I. S. (2013). Molecular characterization of the nitrifying bacterial consortia employed for the activation of bioreactors used in brackish and marine aquaculture systems. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 78, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.01.002
Saeed, T., & Sun, G. (2011). The removal of nitrogen and organics in vertical flow wetland reactors: Predictive models. Bioresource Technology, 102(2), 1205–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.096
Sharma, R., & Gupta, S. K. (2004). Influence of chemical oxygen demand/total kjeldahl nitrogen ration and sludge age on nitrification of nitrogenous wastewater. Water Environment Research, 76(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143004X141681
Shi, X. Y., Sheng, G. P., Li, X. Y., & Yu, H. Q. (2010). Operation of a sequencing batch reactor for cultivating autotrophic nitrifying granules. Bioresource Technology, 101(9), 2960–2964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.099
Shin, D. C., Yoon, S. C., & Park, C. H. (2019). Biological characteristics of microorganisms immobilization media for nitrogen removal. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 32, 100979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100979
Valentukevičienė, M., Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė, L., Chadyšas, V., & Litvinaitis, A. (2018). Evaluating the impacts of integrated pollution on water quality of the trans-boundary Neris (Viliya) River. Sustainability, 10(11), 4239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114239
Wang, L., Liu, X., Lee, D. J., Tay, J. H., Zhang ,Y., Wan, C. L., & Chen, X. F. (2018). Recent advances on biosorption by aerobic granular sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 357, 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.010
Wang, W., Ding, Y., Wang, Y., Song, X., Ambrose, R. F., & Ullman, J. L. (2016). Intensified nitrogen removal in immobilized nitrifier enhanced constructed wetlands with external carbon addition. Bioresource Technology, 218, 1261–1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.135
Wang, Y., Zhou, W., Li, Z., Wu, W., & Zhang, Z. (2013). Sustainable nitrification in fluidised bed reactor with immobilised sludge pellets. Water SA, 39(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v39i2.13
Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., & Li, Y. (2017). Effect of nitrifiers enrichment and diffusion on their oxygen half-saturation value measurements. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 123, 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2017.03.016
Young, B., Delatolla, R., Kennedy, K., Laflamme, E., & Stintzi, A. (2017). Low temperature MBBR nitrification: Microbiome analysis. Water Research, 111, 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.050
Yu, L., Chen, S., Chen, W., & Wu, J. (2020). Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of the competition among the fast-growing “r-strategists” and the slow-growing “K-strategists” ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in nitrification. Science of the Total Environment, 702, 135049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135049
Yuan, X., & Gao, D. (2010). Effect of dissolved oxygen on nitrogen removal and process control in aerobic granular sludge reactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178(1–3), 1041–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.045
Zhu, S., & Chen, S. (2003). Effects of air diffusion turbulent flow on nitrificaiton rate in fixed-film biofilters: A comparison study. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 65(3), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1577/C02-015