Efficiency limiting factors of petrochemical wastewater treatment using hybrid biological reactor
Abstract
The wastewater characteristics and some operational control parameters limit the efficiency of attached growth processes for petrochemical wastewater treatment. This study aims to determine the efficiency of a hybrid biological reactor treating actual petrochemical wastewater and to identify the efficiency determining factors. An up-flow biological reactor filled with bio-career was operated at two flow rates, two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, and under anaerobic conditions. Due to the varying characteristics of actual petrochemical wastewater, efficiency limitations were manifested in many ways. However, the highest chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiencies were 77.2% and 78.5%, respectively, and were achieved under aerobic operation at organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.2 kg-COD/m3/d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 26.67 h (DO 4.0 mg/l). Anaerobically, the highest efficiency was 41.7 for both at 0.18 kg-COD/m3/d and 400 ml/min. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal stability was attributed to the presence of toxic chemicals and removal mechanisms other than biodegradation, as it tapered off at high loading. The nutrient removal efficiency was marginal, conceivably due to the high organics to nutrient ratio and toxic conditions of the wastewater promoting nutrient removal inside the biofilm.
Keyword : biological treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, integrated film activated sludge, hybrid biological reactors, mixed growth biological processes, petrochemical wastewater, pilot study
How to Cite
Ahmed, M. E., Mydlarczyk, A., & Al-Haddad, A. (2022). Efficiency limiting factors of petrochemical wastewater treatment using hybrid biological reactor. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 30(3), 380–392. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.17633
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Baldwin, D., & Campbell, C. (2001). Short-term effects of low pH on the microfauna of an activated sludge wastewater treatment system. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 36, 519–535. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.028
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Chang, H. T., Parulekar, S. J., & Ahmed, M. (2005). A dual-growth kinetic model for biological wastewater reactors. Biotechnology Progress, 21, 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp0300671
Chavan, A., & Mukherji, S. (2010). Performance of a laboratory-scale RBC with algal-bacterial biofilm treating petroleum hydrocarbon-rich wastewater. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 85, 851–859. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2378
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Fu, L. Y., Wu, C. Y., Zhou, Y. X., Zuo, J. E., & Ding, Y. (2016). Treatment of petrochemical secondary effluent by an up-flow biological aerated filter (BAF). Water Science & Technology, 73(8), 2031–2038. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.049
Ghangrekar, M. M., & Behera, M. (2014). Wastewater treatment and reuse. In S. Ahuja (Ed.), Comprehensive water quality and purification (pp. 74–89). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382182-9.00087-6
Gonzalez-Martinez, A., Sihvonen, M., Muñoz-Palazon, B. Rodriguez-Sanchez, A., Mikola, A., & Vahalal, R. (2018). Microbial ecology of full-scale wastewater treatment systems in the Polar Arctic Circle: Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi. Scientific Reports, 8, 2208. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20633-5
Gonzalez-Tineo, P., Durán-Hinojosa, U., Delgadillo-Mirquez, L., Meza-Escalante, E., Gortáres-Moroyoqui, P., Ulloa-Mercado, R., & Serrano-Palacios, D. (2020). Performance improvement of an integrated anaerobic-aerobic hybrid reactor for the treatment of swine wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 34, 101164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101164
Gurjar, R., Akshay Shende, D., & Pophali, G. R. (2019). Treatment of low strength wastewater using compact submerged aerobic fixed film (SAFF) reactor filled with high specific surface area synthetic media. Water Science and Technology, 80(4), 737–746. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.316
Hamza, R. A., Zaghloul, M. S., Iorhemen, O. T., Sheng, Z., & Tay, J. H. (2019). Optimization of organics to nutrients (COD:N:P) ratio for aerobic granular sludge treating high-strength organic wastewater. Science of the Total Environment, 650(2), 3168–3179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.026
Jafari, J., Mesdaghinia, A., Nabizadeh, R., Farrokhi, M., & Mahvi, A. (2013). Investigation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor/Aerobic Moving Bed Bio Reactor (AFBR/MMBR) system for treatment of currant wastewater. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(8), 860–867.
Jasper, J. T., Yang, Y., & Hoffmann, M. R. (2017). Toxic byproduct formation during electrochemical treatment of latrine wastewater. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(12), 7111–7119. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01002
Jin, R., Liu, G., Wang, J., Li, J., & Zhou, J. (2015). Microbial community dynamics in hybrid biological reactor treating petrochemical wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 55(5), 1200–1208.
Keating, C., Chin, J., Hughes, D., Manesiotis, P., Cysneiros, D., Mahony, T., Smith, C., McGrath, J., & O’Flaherty, V. (2016). Biological phosphorus removal during high-rate, low-temperature, anaerobic digestion of wastewater. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00226
Khalili, N. R., Chaib, E., Parulekar, S. J., & Nykiel, D. (2000). Performance enhancement of batch aerobic digesters via addition of digested sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 76(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00172-2
Kumar, P. K., Krishna, S. V., Naidu, S. S., Verma, K., Bhagawan, D., & Himabindu, V. (2019). Biomass production from microalgae Chlorella grown in sewage, kitchen wastewater using industrial CO2 emissions: comparative study. Carbon Resources Conversion, 2(2), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2019.06.002
La Motta, E. J. (1976). Kinetics of continuous growth cultures using the logistic growth curve. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 18, 1029–1032. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180715
Lee, H., Park, S., & Yoon, T. (2002). Wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor using powdered minerals: Effects of organic loading rates on COD removal and nitrification. Process Biochemistry, 38(1), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00044-4
Lusinier, N., Seyssiecq, I., Sambusiti, C., Jacob, M., Lesage, N., & Roche, N. (2021). A comparative study of conventional activated sludge and fixed bed hybrid biological reactor for oilfield produced water treatment: Influence of hydraulic retention time. Chemical Engineering Journal, 420(2), 127611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127611
Machineni, L. (2019). Review on biological wastewater treatment and resources recovery: Attached and suspended growth systems. Water Science & Technology, 80(11), 2013–2026. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.034
Metcalf & Eddy. (2014). Wastewater engineering, treatment, and resource recovery (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Publishers.
Mohamad, S., Almomani, F., Judd, S., Bhosale, R., Kumar, A., Gosh, U., & Khraisheh, M. (2017). Advanced wastewater treatment using microalgae: Effect of temperature on removal of nutrients and organic carbon. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 67, 012–032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/67/1/012032
Naghipour, D., Rouhbakhsh, E., & Jafari, J. (2020). Application of the biological reactor with fixed media (IFAS) for removal of organic matter and nutrients in small communities. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1803851
Patel, H., & Madamwar, D. (2002). Effects of temperatures and organic loading rates on biomethanation of acidic petrochemical wastewater using an anaerobic upflow fixed-film reactor. Bioresource Technology, 82(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00142-0
Puig, S., Corominas, L., Balaguer, M. D., & Colprim, J. (2007). Biological nutrient removal by applying SBR technology in small wastewater treatment plants: Carbon source and C/N/P ratio effects. Water Science Technology, 55(7), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.137
Rava, E., & Chirwa, E. (2016). Effect of carrier fill ratio on biofilm properties and performance of a hybrid fixed-film bioreactor treating coal gasification wastewater for the removal of COD, phenols and ammonia-nitrogen. Water Science & Technology, 73(10), 2461–2467. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.108
Schneider, I., & Topalova, Y. (2013). Microbial structure and functions of biofilm during wastewater treatment in the dairy industry. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 27(3), 3782–3786. https://doi.org/10.5504/BBEQ.2013.0015
Sehar, S., & Naz, I. (2016). Role of the biofilms in wastewater treatment. In D. Dhanasekaran (Ed.), Microbial biofilms – importance and applications. Intehopen Publishers. https://doi.org/10.5772/63499
Shoukat, R., Khan, S., J., & Jamal, Y. (2019). Hybrid anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment for real textile wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 29, 100804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100804
Show, K. Y., & Lee, D. J. (2017). Anaerobic treatment versus aerobic treatment. In Current developments in biotechnology and bioengineering (pp. 205–230). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63665-2.00008-4
Solovchenko, A., Gorelova, O., Karpova, O., Selyakh, I., Semenova, L., Chivkunova, O., Baulina, O., Vinogradova, E., Pugacheva, T., Scherbakov, P., Vasilieva, S., Lukyanov, A., & Lobakova, E. (2020). Phosphorus feast and famine in cyanobacteria: Is luxury uptake of the nutrient just a consequence of acclimation to its shortage? Cells, 9(9), 1933. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9091933
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