Soil stabilization using Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticles: confirmation using XRD, SEM, and FTIR
Abstract
The current research focuses on nanoparticles’ ground-improvement potential using clayey soil mixed with varying amounts of the nanoparticles “Silicon Carbide”. With an increase in the amount of nanomaterial, a tendency of improvement has been recorded in liquid and plastic limits, as well as the plasticity index. The maximum reduction in liquid limit (15.8%), plastic limit (13.6%), and plastic index (18.7%) was recorded at 0.25 gm of Silicon Carbide as compared to control (0 gm of SiC). There was a 26.7% and 33.3% increase in the cohesion of soil at 0.25 gm and 0.3 gm of Silicon Carbide, respectively. Furthermore, when the Silicon Carbide content increased from 0.25 gm, the rate of increment of friction angle also increased. It was 87.5% and 137.5% at 0.25 gm and 0.3 gm of Silicon Carbide, respectively. Furthermore, 0.3 gm of Silicon Carbide, is found to be optimal within the scope of the experiment as at this amount of Silicon Carbide both cohesion and angle of friction attained maximum. XRD, SEM, and FTIR were used to confirm the findings. It concludes that by using even a small amount of nanomaterial, an appreciable change in the properties of clayey soil can be obtained in the field.
First published online 16 December 2022
Keyword : nano-material, clayey soil, Silicon Carbide, index properties, cohesion, angle of friction
How to Cite
Alsabhan, A. H., Qadri, J., Sadique, M. R., Alam, S., Perveen, K., & Binyahya, A. S. (2023). Soil stabilization using Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticles: confirmation using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 29(3), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2022.18173
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Majeed, Z. H., & Taha, M. R. (2012). Effect of nanomaterial treatment on geotechnical properties of a Penang soft soil. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 2(11), 587–592.
Mercier, J. P., Zambelli, G., & Kurz, W. (2003). Introduction to materials science. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-29148-3
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Sani, A. M., Arabani, M., Haghi, A. K., & Chenari, R. J. (2010). Effect of nanoclay additive on the geotechnical properties of silty sands. In Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang, G. (2007). Soil nanoparticles and their influence on engineering properties of soils. In Geo-Denver 2007, Denver, Colorado, United States. https://doi.org/10.1061/40917(236)37
Al-Rawas, A. A., & Goosen, M. F. A. (2006). Expansive soils. Recent advances in characterization and treatment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203968079
Alireza, S. G. S., Mohammed, M. S., & Hasan, B. M. (2013). Application of nanomaterial to stabilize a weak soil. In International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering (2013) – Seventh International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Missouri University of Science and Technology.
Arabani, M., Haghi, A., Mohammadzade, S., & Kamboozia, N. (2012). Use of nanoclay for improvement the microstructure and mechanical properties of soil stabilized by cement. In The 4th International Conference on Nanostructures, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Arora, A., Singh, B., & Kaur, P. (2019). Performance of Nano-particles in stabilization of soil: A comprehensive review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 17(1), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.409
Bahmani, S. H., Huat, B. B. K., Asadi, A., & Farzadnia, N. (2014). Stabilization of residual soil using SiO2 nanoparticles and cement. Construction and Building Materials, 64, 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.086
Bel Hadjltaief, H., Ben Ameur, S., Da Costa, P., Ben Zina, M., & Galvez, M. E. (2018). Photocatalytic decolorization of cationic and anionic dyes over ZnO nanoparticle immobilized on natural Tunisian clay. Applied Clay Science, 152, 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.008
Bisht, G., & Rayamajhi, S. ZnO nanoparticles: A promising anticancer agent. Nanobiomedicine, 2016, 3. https://doi.org/10.5772/63
Buazar, F. (2019). Impact of biocompatible nanosilica on green stabilization of subgrade soil. Scientific Reports, 9, 15147. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51663-2
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1972). Methods of test for soils, Part 6: Determination of shrinkage factors (IS 2720-6).
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1980). Methods of test for soils, Part 7: Determination of water content-dry density relation using light compaction (IS 2720-7).
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1985). Methods of test for soils, Part 5: Determination of liquid and plastic limit (IS 2720-5).
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1993). Methods of test for soils, Part 11: Determination of the shear strength parameters of a specimen tested in unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression without the measurement of pore water pressure (IS 2720-11).
Chen, L., & Lin, D.-F. (2009). Stabilization treatment of sof subgrade soil by sewage sludge ash and cement. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.060
Chittoori, B. C. S. (2008). Clay mineralogy effects on long-term performance of chemically treated expansive clays [Doctoral dissertation]. The University of Texas at Arlington.
Das, B. M., & Sivakugan, N. (2018). Principles of foundation engineering. Cengage Learning.
Feynman, R. (1960). There’s plenty of room at the bottom. Engineering and Science, 23(5), 22–36.
Firoozi, A. A., Firoozi, A. A., & Baghini, M. S. (2017). A review of physical and chemical clayeye. Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism, 6(4), 64–71.
Ghasabkolaei, N., Janalizadeh Choobbasti, A., Roshan, N., & Ghasemi, S. E. (2017). Geotechnical properties of the soils modified with nanomaterials: A comprehensive review. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 17(3), 639–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.01.010
Ghazavi, M., & Bolhasani, M. (2010). Unconfined compression strength of clay improvement with lime and nano-silica. In Proceedings of 6th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (pp. 1490–1495), New Delhi, India.
Ghazi, H., Baziar, M. S., & Mirkazemi, S. M. (2011). The effects of Nano-material additives on the basic properties of soil. In 14th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Hong Kong, China.
Hameed, A., Fatima, G. R., Malik, K., Muqadas, A., & Fazalur-Rehman, M. Scope of nanotechnology in cosmetics: Dermatology and skin care products. Journal of Medical and Chemical Sciences, 2, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.26655/jmchemsci.2019.6.2
Hausmann, M. (1990). Engineering principles of ground modification. McGrow–Hill Publishing Company.
Huang, Y., & Wang, L. (2016). Experimental studies on nanomaterials for soil improvement: a review. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5118-8
Ingles, O. G., & Metcalf, J. B. (1972). Soil stabilization principles and practice. Butterworths.
Janagam, D. R., Wu, L., & Lowe, T. L. (2017). Nanoparticles for drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 122, 31–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.001
Keller, A. A., Adeleye, A. S., Conway, J. R., Garner, K. L., Zhao, L., Cherr, G. N., Hong, J., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., Godwin, H. A., Hanna, S., Ji, Z., Kaweeteerawat, C., Lin, S., Lenihan, H. S., Miller, R. J., Nel, A. E., Peralta-Videa, J. R., Walker, S. L., Taylor, A. A., Torres-Duarte, C., Zink, J. I., & Zuverza-Mena, N. (2017). Comparative environmental fate and toxicity of copper nanomaterials. NanoImpact, 7, 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2017.05.003
Khajehei, F., Piatti, C., & Graeff-Hönninger, S. (2019). Novel food technologies and their acceptance. In C. Piatti, S. Graeff-Hönninger, & F. Khajehei (Eds.), Food tech transitions (pp. 3–22). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21059-5_1
Khalid, N., Arshad, M. F., Mukri, M., Mohamad, K., & Kamarudin, F. (2015). Influence of nano-soil particles in soft soil stabilization. The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20, 731–738.
Majeed, Z. H., & Taha, M. R. (2012). Effect of nanomaterial treatment on geotechnical properties of a Penang soft soil. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 2(11), 587–592.
Mercier, J. P., Zambelli, G., & Kurz, W. (2003). Introduction to materials science. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-29148-3
Needhidasan, S., Samuel, M., & Chidambaram, R. (2014). Electronic waste – an emerging threat to the environment of urban India. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-36
Pedarla, A., Chittoori, S., & Puppala, A. (2011). Influence of mineralogy and plasticity index on the stabilization effectiveness of expansive clays. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2212(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.3141/2212-10
Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Ahmed, B., Sushkova, S., Singh, R., Soldatov, M., Laratte, B., Fedorenko, A., Mandzhieva, S., Blicharska, E., Musarrat, J., Saquib, Q., Flieger, J., & Gorovtsov, A. (2020a). Interaction of copper-based nanoparticles to soil, terrestrial, and aquatic systems: Critical review of the state of the science and future perspectives. In P. de Voogt (Ed.), Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology (Vol. 252), (pp. 51–96). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2019_34
Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Sushkova, S., Behal, A., Maksimov, A., Blicharska, E., Ghazaryan, K., Movsesyan, H., & Barsova, N. (2020b). ZnO and CuO nanoparticles: A threat to soil organisms, plants, and human health. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42(1), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00317-3
Rasmussen, J. W., Martinez, E., Louka, P., & Wingett, D. G. (2010). Zinc oxide nanoparticles for selective destruction of tumor cells and potential for drug delivery applications. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 7(9), 1063–1077. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2010.502560
Samuel, M. S., Bhattacharya, J., Parthiban, C., Viswanathan, G., & Singh, N. D. P. (2018). Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of metal organic framework for the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol under direct sunlight. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 49, 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.004
Sanjeev, N., Kanav, C., & Sharma, D. (2017). Stabilization of expansive soil using nanomaterials. In International Interdisciplinary Conference on Science Technology Engineering Management Pharmacy and Humanities, Singapore.
Sani, A. M., Arabani, M., Haghi, A. K., & Chenari, R. J. (2010). Effect of nanoclay additive on the geotechnical properties of silty sands. In Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Tehran, Iran.
Taha, M. R. (2009). Geotechnical properties of soil-ball milled soil mixtures. In Z. Bittnar, P. J. M. Bartos, J. Němeček, V. Šmilauer, & J. Zeman (Eds.), Nanotechnology in construction 3 (pp. 377–382). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00980-8_51
Zhang, G. (2007). Soil nanoparticles and their influence on engineering properties of soils. In Geo-Denver 2007, Denver, Colorado, United States. https://doi.org/10.1061/40917(236)37