Optimizing laser scanning positions in buildings exteriors: heritage building application
Abstract
Digital documentation for heritage buildings is one of the methods of preserving them as it provides a current record for the buildings. Digital records of heritage buildings can be used for future building rehabilitation, or be presented to the public to raise the awareness, increase tourism and decrease vandalism. This paper focuses on scanning object geometry factor to increase the quality of heritage’s façade point cloud. It optimizes the scanner locations and the scanner field of view to increase the point cloud quality and shorten the scanning time while guaranteeing a set of quality constraints for the point cloud. The quality constraints are based on the incidence angle between the scanned surface and the laser beam, and the max spacing between points. Three different multi-objective optimization algorithms are utilized: 1) genetic algorithm, 2) Jaya algorithm, and 3) particle swarm optimization to increase the quality. Optimization performance measures are adopted to compare the outputs of the optimization algorithms. A multi-criteria decision-making technique (Weighed sum model) is used to choose the optimum solution between the Pareto frontier solutions. Optimization algorithms minimize point cloud density and scanning time while assuring a required point spacing and max incidence angle by changing distance between laser scanner and scanned Facade, horizontal and vertical scan repetitions, and scanner different resolutions. The Jaya algorithm generates the most diversifiable optimal solutions and it is the fastest of the three algorithms considered. This research focuses on vertical building façade and future research will include the all types of Heritage façade. Omar Tosson Palace in Egypt is considered as a case study to demonstrate the use of the developed methodology and to illustrate its essential features.
First published online 25 February 2020
Keyword : laser scanning, heritage documentation, point cloud, optimization, multi-criteria decision-making
How to Cite
Metawie, M., & Marzouk, M. (2020). Optimizing laser scanning positions in buildings exteriors: heritage building application. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(3), 304-314. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12006
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Kersten, T. P., Tschirschwitz, F., & Deggim, S. (2017). Development of a virtual museum including a 4D presentation of building history in virtual reality. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W3), 361–367. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-361-2017
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Kersten, T. P., Tschirschwitz, F., Lindstaedt, M., & Deggim, S. (2018b). The historic wooden model of Solomon’s Temple: 3D recording, modelling and immersive virtual reality visualisation. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 448–464. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-09-2017-0067
Kriegel, S., Rink, C., Bodenmüller, T., & Suppa, M. (2015). Efficient next-best-scan planning for autonomous 3D surface reconstruction of unknown objects. Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, 10(4), 611–631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-013-0386-6
Lee, I. S., Lee, J. O., Park, H. J., & Bae, K. H. (2010). Investigations into the influence of object characteristics on the quality of terrestrial laser scanner data. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(6), 905–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0986-7
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Matthias, K., Severin, T., & Salzwedel, H. (2013). Variable mutation rate at genetic algorithms: introduction of chromosome fitness in connection with multi-chromosome representation. International Journal of Computer Applications, 72(17), 31–38.
Rao, R. V., Rai, D. P., & Balic, J. (2017). A multi-objective algorithm for optimization of modern machining processes. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 61, 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.03.001
Remondino, F. (2011). Heritage recording and 3D modeling with photogrammetry and 3D scanning. Remote Sensing, 3(6), 1104–1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061104
Sánchez-Aparicio, L. J., Del Pozo, S., Ramos, L. F., Arce, A., & Fernandes, F. M. (2018). Heritage site preservation with combined radiometric and geometric analysis of TLS data. Automation in Construction, 85, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.09.023
Shanoer, M. M., & Abed, F. M. (2018). Evaluate 3D laser point clouds registration for cultural heritage documentation. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(3), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.11.007
Shao, J., Zhang, W., Mellado, N., Grussenmeyer, P., Li, R., Chen, Y., Wan, P., Zhang, X., & Cai, S. (2019). Automated markerless registration of point clouds from TLS and structured light scanner for heritage documentation. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 35, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.07.013
Song, M., Shen, Z. & Tang, P. (2014). Data quality-oriented 3D laser scan planning. In Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network (pp. 984–993). Atlanta, Georgia, USA. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413517.101
Soudarissanane, S., & Lindenbergh, R. (2011). Optimizing terrestrial laser scanning measurement set-up. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 38(5/W12), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-5-W12-127-2011
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Tan, B., Cai, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Chen, Y., & Yang, B. (2016). Virtual reality continuum for heritage at Haw Par Villa in Singapore. In Proceedings of the Symposium on VR Culture and Heritage (pp. 71–74). Zhuhai, China. https://doi.org/10.1145/3014027.3014030
Tang, P., & Alaswad, F. S. (2012). Sensor modeling of laser scanners for automated scan planning on construction jobsites. In Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World (pp. 1021–1031). West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412329.103
Tschirschwitz, F., Büyüksalih, G., Kersten, T. P., Kan, T., Enc, G., & Baskaraca, P. (2019). Virtualising an Ottoman Fortress –Laser scanning and 3D modelling for the development of an interactive, immersive virtual reality application. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W9), 723–729. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W9-723-2019
Windarto, A. P., & Muhammad, A. (2017). Comparison of weighted sum model and multi attribute decision making weighted product methods in selecting the best elementary school in Indonesia. International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, 11(4), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2017.11.4.06
Yastikli, N. (2007). Documentation of cultural heritage using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 8(4), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2007.06.003
Zhang, C., Kalasapudi, V. S., & Tang, P. (2016). Rapid data quality oriented laser scan planning for dynamic construction environments. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 30(2), 218–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.03.004
Zhang, H., & Li, H. (2010). Multi‐objective particle swarm optimization for construction time‐cost tradeoff problems. Construction Management and Economics, 28(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903406170
Alshawabkeh, Y., & Haala, N. (2004). Laser scanning and photogrammetry: A hybrid approach for heritage documentation. Paper presented at Third International Conference on Science & Technology in Archaeology & Conservation, The Hashimite University, Jordan.
Antón, D., Medjdoub, B., Shrahily, R., & Moyano, J. (2018). Accuracy evaluation of the semi-automatic 3D modeling for historical building information models. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 12(5), 790–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1415391
Baik, A. (2017). From point cloud to Jeddah heritage BIM Nasif historical house – Case study. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 4, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2017.02.001
Balzani, M., Santopuoli, N., Grieco, A., & Zaltron, N. (2004, October). Laser scanner 3D survey in archaeological field: The Forum of Pompeii. In International Conference on Remote Sensing Archaeology (pp. 169–175). Beijing, China.
Barber, D., Mills, J., & Bryan, P. (2003). Towards a standard specification for terrestrial laser scanning of cultural heritage. CIPA International Archives for Documentation of Cultural Heritage, 19, 619–624.
Basantes, J., Godoy, L., Carvajal, T., Castro, R., Toulkeridis, T., Fuertes, W., Aguilar, W., Tierra, A., Padilla, O., Mato, F., & Ordoez, E. (2017, October). Capture and processing of geospatial data with laser scanner system for 3D modeling and virtual reality of Amazonian caves. In 2017 IEEE Second Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM). Salinas, Ecuador. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2017.8247455
Beume, N., Fonseca, C.M., López-Ibáñez, M., Paquete, L., & Vahrenhold, J. (2009). On the complexity of computing the hypervolume indicator. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 13(5), 1075–1082. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEVC.2009.2015575
Blaer, P. S., & Allen, P. K. (2009). View planning and automated data acquisition for three‐dimensional modeling of complex sites. Journal of Field Robotics, 26(11–12), 865–891. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20318
Cabo, C., Ordóñez, C., & Argüelles-Fraga, R. (2017). An algorithm for optimizing terrestrial laser scanning in tunnels. Automation in Construction, 83, 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.08.028
Cabrelles, M., Galcerá, S., Navarro, S., Lerma, J. L., Akasheh, T., & Haddad, N. (2009, October). Integration of 3D laser scanning, photogrammetry and thermography to record architectural monuments. In Proceedings of the 22nd International CIPA Symposium. Kyoto, Japan.
Calin, M., Damian, G., Popescu, T., Manea, R., Erghelegiu, B., & Salagean, T. (2015). 3D modeling for digital preservation of Romanian heritage monuments. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 6, 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.111
Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., & Meyarivan, T. A. M. T. (2002). A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGAII. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017
El-Hakim, S. F., Beraldin, J. A., Picard, M., & Godin, G. (2004). Detailed 3D reconstruction of large-scale heritage sites with integrated techniques. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 24(3), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2004.1318815
Fernández-Palacios, B. J., Morabito, D., & Remondino, F. (2017). Access to complex reality-based 3D models using virtual reality solutions. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 23, 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.09.003
Forte, M., Pescarin, S., Pietroni, E., & Dell’Unto, N. (2004). An integrated approach to archaeology: from the fieldwork to virtual reality systems. In F. Nicolucci & S. Hermon (Eds.), Beyond the artifact. Digital interpretation of the past. Proceedings of CAA2004 (pp. 325–334). Archaeolingua, Budapest.
Giussani, A., & Scaioni, M. (2004). Application of TLS to support landslides study: survey planning, operational issues and data processing. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36(8/W2), 318–323.
Grussenmeyer, P., Landes, T., Voegtle, T., & Ringle, K. (2008). Comparison methods of terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry and tacheometry data for recording of cultural heritage buildings. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37(B5), 213–218.
Guidi, G., Russo, M., Ercoli, S., Remondino, F., Rizzi, A., & Menna, F. (2009). A multi-resolution methodology for the 3D modeling of large and complex archeological areas. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 7(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1260/147807709788549439
Ikeuchi, K., Oishi, T., Takamatsu, J., Sagawa, R., Nakazawa, A., Kurazume, R., Nishino, K., Kamakura, M., & Okamoto, Y. (2007). The great buddha project: Digitally archiving, restoring, and analyzing cultural heritage objects. International Journal of Computer Vision, 75(1), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0039-y
Kersten, T. P., Mechelke, K., Lindstaedt, M., & Sternberg, H. (2009). Methods for geometric accuracy investigations of terrestrial laser scanning systems. Photogrammetrie-Fernerkundung-Geoinformation, 4, 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1127/1432-8364/2009/0023
Kersten, T. P., Tschirschwitz, F., & Deggim, S. (2017). Development of a virtual museum including a 4D presentation of building history in virtual reality. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W3), 361–367. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-361-2017
Kersten, T. P., Tschirschwitz, F., Deggim, S., & Lindstaedt, M. (2018a). Virtual reality for cultural heritage monuments – from 3D data recording to immersive visualisation. In Euro-Mediterranean Conference (pp. 74–83). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01765-1_9
Kersten, T. P., Tschirschwitz, F., Lindstaedt, M., & Deggim, S. (2018b). The historic wooden model of Solomon’s Temple: 3D recording, modelling and immersive virtual reality visualisation. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 448–464. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-09-2017-0067
Kriegel, S., Rink, C., Bodenmüller, T., & Suppa, M. (2015). Efficient next-best-scan planning for autonomous 3D surface reconstruction of unknown objects. Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, 10(4), 611–631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-013-0386-6
Lee, I. S., Lee, J. O., Park, H. J., & Bae, K. H. (2010). Investigations into the influence of object characteristics on the quality of terrestrial laser scanner data. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(6), 905–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0986-7
MATLAB. (2018). MathWorks – Makers of MATLAB and Simulink 2019. https://www.mathworks.com/
Matthias, K., Severin, T., & Salzwedel, H. (2013). Variable mutation rate at genetic algorithms: introduction of chromosome fitness in connection with multi-chromosome representation. International Journal of Computer Applications, 72(17), 31–38.
Rao, R. V., Rai, D. P., & Balic, J. (2017). A multi-objective algorithm for optimization of modern machining processes. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 61, 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.03.001
Remondino, F. (2011). Heritage recording and 3D modeling with photogrammetry and 3D scanning. Remote Sensing, 3(6), 1104–1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3061104
Sánchez-Aparicio, L. J., Del Pozo, S., Ramos, L. F., Arce, A., & Fernandes, F. M. (2018). Heritage site preservation with combined radiometric and geometric analysis of TLS data. Automation in Construction, 85, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.09.023
Shanoer, M. M., & Abed, F. M. (2018). Evaluate 3D laser point clouds registration for cultural heritage documentation. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(3), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.11.007
Shao, J., Zhang, W., Mellado, N., Grussenmeyer, P., Li, R., Chen, Y., Wan, P., Zhang, X., & Cai, S. (2019). Automated markerless registration of point clouds from TLS and structured light scanner for heritage documentation. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 35, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.07.013
Song, M., Shen, Z. & Tang, P. (2014). Data quality-oriented 3D laser scan planning. In Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network (pp. 984–993). Atlanta, Georgia, USA. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413517.101
Soudarissanane, S., & Lindenbergh, R. (2011). Optimizing terrestrial laser scanning measurement set-up. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 38(5/W12), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-5-W12-127-2011
Soudarissanane, S., Lindenbergh, R., Menenti, M., & Teunissen, P. J. G. (2009, September). Incidence angle influence on the quality of terrestrial laser scanning points. In Proceedings ISPRS Workshop Laserscanning. Paris, France. ISPRS.
Tan, B., Cai, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, X., Chen, Y., & Yang, B. (2016). Virtual reality continuum for heritage at Haw Par Villa in Singapore. In Proceedings of the Symposium on VR Culture and Heritage (pp. 71–74). Zhuhai, China. https://doi.org/10.1145/3014027.3014030
Tang, P., & Alaswad, F. S. (2012). Sensor modeling of laser scanners for automated scan planning on construction jobsites. In Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World (pp. 1021–1031). West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412329.103
Tschirschwitz, F., Büyüksalih, G., Kersten, T. P., Kan, T., Enc, G., & Baskaraca, P. (2019). Virtualising an Ottoman Fortress –Laser scanning and 3D modelling for the development of an interactive, immersive virtual reality application. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W9), 723–729. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W9-723-2019
Windarto, A. P., & Muhammad, A. (2017). Comparison of weighted sum model and multi attribute decision making weighted product methods in selecting the best elementary school in Indonesia. International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, 11(4), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2017.11.4.06
Yastikli, N. (2007). Documentation of cultural heritage using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 8(4), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2007.06.003
Zhang, C., Kalasapudi, V. S., & Tang, P. (2016). Rapid data quality oriented laser scan planning for dynamic construction environments. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 30(2), 218–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.03.004
Zhang, H., & Li, H. (2010). Multi‐objective particle swarm optimization for construction time‐cost tradeoff problems. Construction Management and Economics, 28(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903406170