Noise in Indonesian urban areas: rules and facts
Abstract
Irresponsible noise management by the concerned authorities and society’s indifference has made noise in Indonesian urban areas a nightmare. The current noise regulation in Indonesia, which define 55 dB(A) as the lowest permissible noise level generated in residential areas, is outdated. This study investigates how urban communities reacted to the implementation of this outdated regulation. Data was collected by searching online open sources for noise-related keywords used in public complaints, court cases, authority campaigns, etc. The collected data was then plotted in an Excel sheet to create a modest statistical trend, and the detailed information on how the government and court ruled the case was treated as a transcript to be analysed qualitatively. The study results are to be compared and discussed with noise facts of those in more advanced countries. The discussion shows that the noise case in Indonesia is significantly minor compared to other countries with similar populations. Noisemakers were reported to have won in 44% of noise complaints that went to court. This may be the reason for the Indonesians’ apathy toward the settlement of noise-related complaints by the city government and the fairness of tribunal processes.
Keyword : urban areas, noise, regulation, complaint, legal case, Indonesia
How to Cite
Mediastika, C. E., Sudarsono, A. S., Utami, S. S., Fitri, I., Drastiani, R., Winandari, M. I. R., Rahman, A., Kusno, A., Mustika, N. W. M., Mberu, Y. B., Yanti, R. J., & Rachman, Z. A. (2022). Noise in Indonesian urban areas: rules and facts. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 46(1), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2022.16367
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Nugraha, B., Setyono, G. R., Defi, I. R., & Gutenbrunner, C. (2018). Strengthening rehabilitation services in Indonesia: A brief situation analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 50(4), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2330
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Tong, H., & Kang, J. (2021b). Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, 102573. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808320930247
Tong, H., & Kang, J. (2021c). Characteristics of noise complaints and the associations with urban morphology: A comparison across densities. Environmental Research, 197, 111045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111045
Tong, H., Aletta, F., Mitchell, A., Oberman, T., & Kang, J. (2021). Increases in noise complaints during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spring 2020: A case study in Greater London, UK. Science of the Total Environment, 785, 147213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147213
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Berglund, B., Lindvall, T., Schwela, D. H., & World Health Organization. (1999). Guidelines for community noise. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217
beritajakarta. (2016). BPLHD tangani pengaduan lingkungan terkait polusi udara dan suara. Pempov DKI Jakarta. https://www.beritajakarta.id/potret_wilayah/album/2970/bplhd-tangani-pengaduan-lingkungan-terkait-polusi-udara-dan-suara
Brambilla, G., Casini, D., Cellai, G., & Secchi, S. (2017, July). Characterization of short duration noise events for the evaluation of annoyance in schools exposed to traffic noise. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Sound and Vibrations (pp. 23–27), London, UK.
Chauhan, R., Shrestha, A., & Khanal, D. (2021). Noise pollution and effectiveness of policy interventions for its control in Kathmandu, Nepal. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 35678–35689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13236-7
EEC. (2015). Environmental Noise Directive. Directive 2002/49/EC Annex II. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015L0996&from=EN
Environment Protection Agency. (1972). Noise Control Act of 1972. https://www.gsa.gov/cdnstatic/Noise_Control_Act_of_1972.pdf
Environment Protection Agency. (1978). Quiet Communities Act of 1978. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-92/pdf/STATUTE-92-Pg3079.pdf
Environment Protection Agency. (1990). Clean Air Act Title IV - Noise Pollution. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2013-title42/html/USCODE-2013-title42-chap85-subchapIV-sec7641.htm
Environmental Protection Agency. (1974). Information on levels of environmental noise requisite to protect public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. http://www.nonoise.org/library/levels74/levels74.htm
Fan, Y., Teo, H. P., & Wan, W. X. (2021). Public transport, noise complaints, and housing: Evidence from sentiment analysis in Singapore. Journal of Regional Science, 61(3), 570–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12524
Fredianelli, L., Carpita, S., & Licitra, G. (2019). A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance. Science of the Total Environment, 648, 728–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.107
Government of Canada. (1999). The Canadian Environmental Protection Act. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-15.31/
Government of the UK. (1990). Environmental Protection Act 1990. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/43/contents
Indian Law. (2021). https://indiankanoon.org/search/?formInput=noise%20pollution%20cases&pagenum=0
Indonesia Supreme court’s website. (2021). Direktori putusan mahkamah agung. Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori.html
Janssen, S. A., Vos, H., Eisses, A. R., & Pedersen, E. (2011). A comparison between exposure-response relationships for wind turbine annoyance and annoyance due to other noise sources. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(6), 3746–3753. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3653984
Juditha, C. (2013). Akurasi Berita dalam Jurnalisme Online (Kasus Dugaan Korupsi Mahkamah Konstitusi di Portal Berita Detiknews). Jurnal Pekommas, 16(3), 145–154.
Kang, J. (2006). Urban sound environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482265613
Krasnova, J. A., Deineha, M. A., Honcharuk, L. Y., & Sviatchenko, L. O. (2019). Ecological court as the guarantee of protection of rights of human and citizens. Nauchnyy zhurnal „Vestnik NAN RK“, (4), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-1467.108
Licitra, G., & Fredianelli, L. (2013, August). Which limits for wind turbine noise? A comparison with other types of sources using a common metric. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wind Turbine Noise (pp. 28–30), Denver, CO, USA.
Mediastika, C. E., Sudarsono, A. S., Utami, S. S., Fitri, I., Drastiani, R., Windandari, M. I. R., Rahman, A., Kusno, A., Mustika, N. W. M., Mberu, Y. B., Yanti, R. J., & Rahman, Z. A. (2021). Regulating noise in Indonesia [Conference presentation]. 3rd Engineering Physics International Conference, Yogyakarta.
Mehdi, M. R., Kim, M., Seong, J. C., & Arsalan, M. H. (2011). Spatio-temporal patterns of road traffic noise pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Environment International, 37(1), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.08.003
Mezmir, E. A. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: An overview of data reduction, data display, and interpretation. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(21), 15–27.
Ministry of the Environment of Japan. (2000). Noise Regulation Law. https://www.env.go.jp/en/laws/air/noise/index.html
Monkkonen, P. (2013). Urban land-use regulations and housing markets in developing countries: Evidence from Indonesia on the importance of enforcement. Land Use Policy, 34, 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.015
Morley, H. E., & Hume, K. I. (2003, June 29–July 3). Socio-economic status of aircraft noise complainers. In R. G. de Jong, T. Houtgast, E. A. M. Franssen, & W. F. Hofman (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (pp. 274–275), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Munir, S., Khan, S., Nazneen, S., & Ahmad, S. S. (2021). Temporal and seasonal variations of noise pollution in urban zones: A case study in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 29581–29589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12738-8
Namey, E., Guest, G., Thairu, L., & Johnson, L. (2008). Data reduction techniques for large qualitative data sets. Handbook for Team-Based Qualitative Research, 2(1), 137–161.
Noise Pollution Clearinghouse’s website. (n.d.). https://nonoise.org/lawlib/cities/cities.htm
Nugraha, B., Setyono, G. R., Defi, I. R., & Gutenbrunner, C. (2018). Strengthening rehabilitation services in Indonesia: A brief situation analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 50(4), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2330
Palmer, K. (2009). The environment court in New Zealand: UK application? Environmental Law & Management, 21(5), 241.
Pattirajawane, R. L. (1995). Kompas Online: Informasi masa depan. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ycYa5vuubyQJ:https://vik.kompas.com/sejarah-kompascom/menu-2.html+&cd=1&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id
Pedersen, E., & Waye, K. P. (2004). Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise–a dose–response relationship. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116(6), 3460–3470. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1815091
Polda Metro Jaya. (2021). Kuasa hukum sebut persekusi warga Permata Buana diduga dimobilisasi oknum pegawai kelurahan. https://humas.polri.go.id/2021/10/10/kuasa-hukum-sebut-persekusi-warga-permata-buana-diduga-dimobilisasi-oknum-pegawai-kelurahan/
Pring, G., & Pring, C. (2010). Increase in environment courts and tribunals prompts new global institute. Journal of Court Innovation, 3(1), 11–23.
Public Health England. (2018). Public health profiles. https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/search/noise#page/6/gid/1/pat/6/par/E12000004/ati/102/are/E10000018
Reicoba, M., Sentanu, I. G., & Noor, I. (2020). Conflict management as the effort of accomplishing report toward maladministration of the population. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 18(2), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.30996/dia.v18i2.4001
Sarath, N., Silva, C. J., Tiiakawardane, J., & Somawansa, J. (2007). Ashik v. Bandula and others (Noise Pollution Case) - SLR - 191, Vol 1 of 2007 [2007] LKSC 4; (2007) 1 Sri LR 191 (9 March 2007). https://www.informea.org/sites/default/files/court-decisions/Ashik%20v.%20Bandula%20And%20Others%20%28Noise%20Pollution%20Case%29.docx.pdf
Shaikh, G. H. (1999). Occupational noise exposure limits for developing countries. Applied Acoustics, 57(1), 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-682X(98)00038-3
Singh, N., & Davar, S. C. (2004). Noise pollution-sources, effects and control. Journal of Human Ecology, 16(3), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2004.11905735
South Australia Environment Protection Agency. (2007). The Environment Protection (Noise) Policy 2007. https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/lz/c/pol/environment%20protection%20(noise)%20policy%202007/current/2007.-.un.pdf
South Australia Environment Protection Agency. (2016). Local Nuisance and Litter Control Act 2016. https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/lz/c/a/local%20nuisance%20and%20litter%20control%20act%202016/current/2016.21.auth.pdf
Stein, P. L. (2002). Specialist environmental courts: The Land and Environment Court of New South Wales, Australia. Environmental Law Review, 4(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/146145290200400102
Subardi. (2015). Tiga Kafe Di Senggigi Langgar Standar Kebisingan. Kab. Lombok Barat. https://lombokbaratkab.go.id/tiga-kafe-di-senggigi-langgar-standar-kebisingan/
Tong, H., & Kang, J. (2021a). Relationship between urban development patterns and noise complaints in England. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(6), 1632–1649.
Tong, H., & Kang, J. (2021b). Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, 102573. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808320930247
Tong, H., & Kang, J. (2021c). Characteristics of noise complaints and the associations with urban morphology: A comparison across densities. Environmental Research, 197, 111045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111045
Tong, H., Aletta, F., Mitchell, A., Oberman, T., & Kang, J. (2021). Increases in noise complaints during the COVID-19 lockdown in Spring 2020: A case study in Greater London, UK. Science of the Total Environment, 785, 147213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147213
UK Environmental Law Association. (2021). Law & your environment: The plain guide to environmental law. The UK Government. http://www.environmentlaw.org.uk/
Usikalu, M. R., & Kolawole, O. (2018). Assessment of noise pollution in selected locations in Ota, Nigeria. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(9), 1212–1218.
Van Wiechen, C. M. A. G., Franssen, E. A. M., de Jong, R. G., & Lebret, E. (2002). Aircraft noise exposure from Schiphol Airport: A relation with complainants. Noise and Health, 5(17), 23–34.
Wan, W. (2016). Of noisy neighbours and silent nights. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/of-noisy-neighbours-and-silent-nights
World Health Organization. (2009). Night noise guidelines for Europe. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/43316/E92845.pdf
World Health Organization. (2011). Burden of disease from environmental noise: Quantification of healthy life years lost in Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/136466/e94888.pdf
World Health Organization. (2018). Environmental noise guidelines for the European region. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/383921/noise-guidelines-eng.pdf
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